Cardiac Arrest

Warning Signs Before a Cardiac Event

These may show up during or after exertion (hiking, biking, pickleball, golfing, skating) - don’t ignore it seek medical attention immediately/ call 911. 

• Chest pain or pressure (especially heavy, squeezing, or radiating to arm/jaw).

• Unusual shortness of breath out of proportion to exertion.

• Palpitations (racing, irregular, or “skipping” heartbeat).

• Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting (syncope) — especially if it happens on exertion.

• Extreme or unusual fatigue not explained by training or age.

Risk Factors in Players Over 55

• Known heart disease (history of heart attack, stent, bypass, atrial fibrillation).

• High blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol.

• Smoking history.

• Obesity or metabolic syndrome.

• Family history of sudden cardiac death or early heart disease.

• Sedentary lifestyle, then sudden intense activity (e.g., “weekend warrior effect”).

On-Ice Red Flags (Immediate Risk)

 If a player develops any of these, they need to stop and be evaluated right away by a knowledgeable person who potentially calls 911.

• Chest discomfort that doesn’t resolve in a minute or two.

• Sudden collapse or fainting.

• Severe shortness of breath or wheezing not improving with rest.

• Pale, sweaty, or gray/ashen appearance.

• Confusion or trouble speaking.

Recommendations

• Pre-season medical checkups (especially if new/worsening symptoms or multiple risk factors).

• Warm-up & cool-down routines (avoid sudden intense exertion from cold start).

• AED (Automated External Defibrillator) on-site and people trained to use it.

• CPR-trained teammates — quick response is the difference between survival and not.

• Buddy check teammates look out for subtle warning signs in each other and especially new players with no history with new teammates.